Bahram SHayan Azar; Rasoul Jafarian
Abstract
Endowment is considered as one of the confirming institutions in the history of Iran. Benefactor managed the maintenance of the endowment by appointing a trustee for the endowments. ...
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Endowment is considered as one of the confirming institutions in the history of Iran. Benefactor managed the maintenance of the endowment by appointing a trustee for the endowments. Also, in some cases, it uses a person as an observer (approving or informing) to take care of the work in charge. The structure of endowment supervision in the Qajar era can be divided into two periods; the first period which was mostly managed by the clergymen, local trustees and benefactors’ relatives. And the second period was the time for lawfulness of endowment organization that its certain realization was expressed after constitutional in the 6th article of constitution in Sha’ban and also in the constitution amendment on Jumada al-Thani 19 th .During the study of 250 endowments related to Neyshabour in the Qajar era, we face 56 endowments in which the topics like supervisor (informational or ascertainment) and supervision of endowments are mentioned in the main text. From reviewing and comparing the text of these documents, we come to the conclusion that According to the provided text in each endowment, supervisors have three types of dependence on the benefactor; 10 Kinship relation between the supervisor and benefactor 20 Non-kinship relation between the supervisor and benefactor 3. Reliable people and local Trustees. Endowment supervision in Neyshabour community has mostly depended on the benefactor’s desire and choice and he/she often has given it over to himself or his reliable relatives. Succession process and extinction assumption is among factors which won’t stay away of the benefactor and usually the supervision was given over to scholars and local clergymen or from the beginning clergymen and local scholars supervised the endowments. Among other reliable people and local trustees were Sayyids who have supervised in some endowments.
