Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Deptartment of History, Faculty of Letters, University of Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of History, Faculty of Letters, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of History, Faculty of Letters, University of Isfahan,Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
At the end of the Achaemenid period and after the changes of the era of Artaxerxes III (359/58 - 338 BC), Hermias was able to gradually expand his power in that region and through Aristotle and some other students of Plato's Academy, he became an important factor in Philip II - the ruler of Macedonia - becoming aware of the internal condition of the Achaemenid Empire; to the extent that his political alliance with Philip faced a harsh reaction from the Persians and he lost his life over that pact. by carefully examining the political and diplomatic developments between the ruler of Atarneus and the king of Macedonia, it can be concluded that the Achaemenid Empire had accurate and clear information about the political events of the Greek city-states and Macedonian kingdom and by removing Hermias, and probably Philip himself, has helped the Greeks a lot to gain their lost independence. However, the Greeks did not take advantage of the opportunity for unity and lost the independence of their city-states to Philip's son, Alexander. In this research, it has been tried to show, that the Achaemenid Empire, in order to strengthen the Treaty of Antalcidas, made its efforts to maintain the independence of the Greek city-states against the Macedonian hegemony before the emergence of Alexander by removing the Macedonian-oriented elements, but the conflicts among the Greeks and Alexander's promptitude and violence in suppressing his Greek opponents caused the loss of this historical opportunity.
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