Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Student at the Department of The History of Iran after Islam, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor at the Department of The History and Civilization of Islamic Nation, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor at the Department of The History, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
4 Professor at the Department of The History, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Iran's national oil movement is one of the most important and influential events in Iran's contemporary history. This event has influenced the events after it. The present article analyzes the collective action of national, religious, and left-wing parties (with a focus on the Iran Party, Fada'iyan-e Islam Society, and Tudeh Party of Iran) between the two coups on 16 - 19 August 1953. Charles Tilly's "Resource Mobilization" theory is employed to explain the behavior of these political groups and analyze their actions. The data collection method is based on library and documentary research, while the data analysis follows a historical approach with a descriptive-analytical perspective. The aim of this study is to identify the behavioral patterns of the three mentioned political groups (the Iran Party, Fada'iyan-e Islam Society, and Tudeh Party of Iran) on 16 - 19 August 1953, and to answer the question: Why, despite favorable conditions following the failure of the August 16 coup, did these claimant groups fail to achieve their objectives? The research findings indicate that these political groups were unable to engage in effective collective action during the period between the two coups due to the absence of an influential organizational structure, failure to utilize various resources and mobilization methods, increased costs following state suppression, lack of coalition-building among the groups, neglecting the emerging opportunities, and disregard for existing threats. Consequently, they failed to achieve their goals. Investigating the reasons for the failure of political parties' policies is an important issue.
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