Historical Sciences Studies

Evaluation of Reports in Geographical Texts from the Third to Eighth Centuries AH about Makoran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abdulvadood Sepahi 1
Abdolah Safarzaie 2

1 Assistant Professor of History, Faculty of Humanities, Valayat of University, Iranshahr, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of History, Faculty of Humanities and Management, Valayat of University, Iranshahr, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2025.393236.473796
Abstract
Makoran was a vast territory in southeastern Iran between the third and eighth centuries AH, encompassing a large part of present-day Baluchistan. During the aforementioned centuries, numerous political fluctuations and changes occurred in eastern and southeastern Iran, and numerous governments with diverse borders and political structures came to power. On the other hand, the extent of the states, the definition of the states in more detail, and the determination of the boundaries and boundaries of the states were also areas of disagreement among geographers. Given the extent of the state of Makoran during this period, the changing political structure and borders of the governments, and the lack of direct visits by geographers to Makoran during that period, the question arises as to how the geographical texts from the third to eighth centuries AH described the land of Makoran. Since most geographers from the third to the eighth century AH did not refer directly to Makoran and described this land based on indirect reports, the information provided in these texts indicates that the sources used by the authors were limited and the reports contained in the geographical texts were mostly similar, repetitive, and in some cases inaccurate and wrong. The purpose of this article is to explain the errors and shortcomings in the reports of geographers from the third to the eighth century AH about Makoran. This article is written in a historical manner by describing and analyzing data collected from library sources and using the oldest printed version of geographical texts.

Keywords

Makoran
geographical texts
3rd century
8th century
Sistan and Khorasan
Subjects
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Historical Sciences Studies
Volume 17, Issue 2 - Serial Number 40
December 2025
Pages 171-192

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