Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Toponymy, as a key branch of historical geography, plays a significant role in analyzing spatial and cultural transformations in human societies. Place names serve as essential tools for gaining deeper insights into the complex relationship between humans and their environment throughout history, reflecting cultural changes, population movements, and socio-political transformations over the centuries. Focusing on the toponyms Suraq, Duraq, Falāḥīyeh, and Shādegān in southern Khuzestan, this study highlights, on the one hand, the capacity of toponymic studies to reconstruct spatio-historical developments and, on the other, their value in revealing the inseparable ties between spatial identity, natural factors, and socio-political processes. The main goal of this research is to reassess part of Khuzestan’s territorial history by tracing the historical background, spatial changes, and semantic connections of these four toponyms, in order to answer whether they refer to distinct locations across different historical periods or to a shared geographical context. The study employs a comparative analysis of Syriac, Greek, and Arabic geographical-historical texts, travel accounts, geographic coordinates, historical maps, and archaeological evidence. The integrated data indicate that these place names have undergone multiple spatial and temporal transformations from antiquity to the present. Based on archaeological, linguistic, historical, and geomorphological evidence, four key locations have been identified: Tel Tendy and Ja Nišīn (as the probable sites of ancient Suraq and Duraq in present-day Rāmshīr County), the village of Madīneh (as Old Duraq in Shādegān County), and Falāḥīyeh (as New Duraq and the original nucleus of modern Shādegān). These areas appear to have shifted gradually from east to west and then southwest along the Jarrāḥī River over time, due to environmental changes—such as the evolution of alluvial fans—and human interventions. While the available data shed partial light on these transformations, the limited extent of previous research and the destruction of many sites in recent decades underline the need for targeted archaeological surveys, satellite imagery analysis, and interdisciplinary approaches to either confirm or revise these hypotheses.
Keywords
Main Subjects
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