Historical Sciences Studies

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Cooperation with the association and institute

Writers Guide

Sample Persian work

English work sample

Publication cost

The original form of the work

Conflict of interest form

Guide to get Orchid ID

Reviewers

Publons Membership and Review Guide

The Emirate of Baban and the Security of the Western Territory of Iran (1798-1820)

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of History, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/jhss.2024.367782.473665

Abstract

The role and position of the Kurdish Baban Emirate in Iran-Ottoman relations has been neglected. The main problem of the present research is to investigate the impact of the Ottoman central government's inability in the eastern provinces on the security of the western territory of Iran. Emirate of Baban and Pashalik of Baghdad were provinces far from the Ottoman center. The territories of both rulers were separated from the territory of Iran after the Zohab Treaty, but Iran's influence and role in Baban and Baghdad never disappeared. The inability and unwilling of the Ottoman central government - especially from the twelfth century to the middle of the thirteenth century - had led to a power vacuum in the eastern provinces. Such a situation was a serious threat to the western territory of Iran. As the subjects and borderlands of Iran were exposed many times to the raids of the Kurds and Arabs of the territory of Baban and Baghdad. In order to ensure the security of its territory, as well as maintaining and continuing its role and influence in the territory of Baban, Iran was inevitably involved in the conflicts between Baban and Baghdad. Some researchers have wrongly considered Iran's involvement in Baban and Baghdad issues as "interference". While Iran's involvement was as a legitimate right to Self-Defense. In the present research, the claim of Iran's "interference" has been rejected by a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach, citing Iranian and Ottoman documents and sources. Because the involvement of Iran in the affairs of Baban and Baghdad was more than based on the will of the Iran, it was caused by the inability and unwillingness of the Ottoman government in the eastern provinces. Basically, the Ottoman government was considered among the unable or unwilling states from the point of view of international law. In order to ensure the security of its subjects and borderlands, Iran sometimes had to use force, except for political and diplomatic ways

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Atmaca, Metin (2021), “Kurdish Emirates between the Ottoman Empire and Iranian Dynasties (sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries)”, The Cambridge History of the Kurds, Cambridge University Press.
Çetinsaya, Gökhan (2017), Ottoman Administration of Iraq, 1890-1908, London and New York: Routledge.
Doğan, Cabir (2011), “II Mahmut dönemi Osmanli merkezileșme politikasinin doğu vilayetlerinde uygulanması”, Turkish Studies, Vol.6/4, fall.
Martin, Craig (2019), “Challenging and refining the unwilling or unable doctrine”, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 52 (2), 387-462.
 
Abrahamian, Yervand (2001). Iran between two revolutions, translated by Ahmad Gol-Mohammadi and Ebrahim Fatahi, Tehran: Ney Publishing. [In Persian].
Aqshin, Sina (2011). "The ideological space of the Ottoman lands in 1839 AD and the international situation of the Ottoman state", in the Ottoman Empire in the era of transformation of configurations, editors: Khalil Inaljaq and Mohammad Seyed Danlioglu, translated by Rasul Arabkhani, Tehran: Research Institute of Islamic History. [In Persian].
Ehsanoglu, Akmaluddin (2017). Government and society in the Ottoman period, translated by Ali Katbi and Tawfiq Hashempour Sobhani, Tehran: reference book. [In Persian].
Ardalan, Shirin (2008). The Kurdish family of Ardalan in the intersection of the Iranian and Ottoman empires, translated by Morteza Ardalan, Tehran: Tarikh Iran Publication. [In Persian].
Official documents on Iran's political relations with England, Russia and Ottomans (1986). By the efforts of Gholamhossein Mirza Saleh, Tehran: Tarikh Iran Publication. [In Persian].
Aminpour, Saleh; Sufi, Alireza; Nasiri, Mohammadreza (2012). "Analysis of Abdurrahman Pasha Baban's role in Iran-Ottoman relations during the period of Feth Ali Shah (1212-1228 A.H./1798-1814 A.D.)", Historical Researches, Q4, Vol.4 (16 consecutive), Winter 2012, 34- 23. [In Persian].
Anuri Effendi, Seyyed Saadullah (2023) Iran's Embassy: Documents, Correspondences and Minutes of Arzneh-al-Rum Negotiations 1259-1263 A.H., corrected, translated from Ottoman Turkish, introduction, explanations and appendices: Nasrallah Salehi, Safia Khedive , Tehran: Afshar Endowment Foundation. [In Persian].
Inaljaq, Khalil (2009). Ottoman Empire (Ancient Era, 1300 to 1600). Translated by Kiyomarth Qarqlou, Tehran: Basirt Publications. [In Persian].
Saidi, Madras (2016). "Sulaymaniyah" Encyclopaedia of Islamic World, Volume 24, Tehran: Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation. [In Persian].
Saidi, Modares and Ghorbanejad, Ribaz (2019). "Shahrzor", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume 28, Tehran: Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation. [In Persian].
Sanandji (Fakhralkattab). Mirza Shokrallah (1996), Naseri masterpiece in the history and geography of Kurdistan, edited by Heshmatullah Tabibi, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications. [In Persian].
Salehi, Nasrallah (2021). "One covenant, several different texts; a critical review of the text of the first covenant of Arzaneh al-Rum", Ayane Al-Rasg, Autumn and Winter 2021, No. 69. [In Persian].
Mostofi Baghi, Mohammad Mofid (2010). A useful brief (Geography of Iran and the Earth in the Safavid Era) by Iraj Afshar, in collaboration with Mohammad Reza Abui Mehrizi, Tehran: Afshar Mowqofat Foundation. [In Persian].
Mostofi, Abdullah (1992). Narration of my life or the social and administrative history of the Qajar period, Tehran: Zovar Publications. [In Persian].
Mozafari, Prasto, Bahrami, Ruhollah (2010). "The relations between the rulers of Ardalan, the Emirate of Baban and the relations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire during the Qajar era (1212-1266 A.H.)", Foreign Relations Quarterly, Q. 12, No. 45, Winter 2010, 1-24. [In Persian].
Mozafari, Swallow; Sawaqib, Jahanbakhsh (2018). "Political and military endeavors of the Baban family in Iranian Kurdistan and its consequences (1105 to 1193/1694 to 1779), Historical Research Quarterly", Q. 11, No. 41, Spring 2018, 65-91. [In Persian].
Nasiri, Mohammad Reza (1987). Historical Documents and Correspondences of Iran (Qajaria), first volume: from 1209 to 1338 A.H., Tehran: Kayhan Institute. [In Persian].
Nasiri, Mohammad Reza (1989). Historical documents and correspondences of Iran (Qajaria), volume two: from 1239 to 1263 A.H., Tehran: Kayhan Institute. [In Persian].
Valeh Qazvini Isfahani, Mohammad Yusuf (2003). Iran during the time of Shah Safi and Shah Abbas II (1038-1071 A.H.) (6th and 7th Hadiqa of the 8th Rowzah) Khaled Berin, corrected, Mohammad Reza Nasiri, Tehran: Association of Cultural Heritage and Prominences. [In Persian].
Vahid Qazvini, Mirza Mohammad Taher (2004). History of Jahan Arai Abbasi, edited by Seyed Saeed Mir Mohammad Sadegh, Tehran: Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. [In Persian].
Kurdish chronicler, Ali Akbar (1985). Hadiqeh Nasiriyeh in the geography and history of Kurdistan, corrected by Mohammad Raouf Tavakoli, Tehran: Arjang Printing House. [In Persian].
Hill, William (2015). Türkiye's foreign policy, translated by Nasser Pourabrahim, Tehran: Research Institute of Islamic History.
Historical Sciences Studies
Volume 15, Issue 4 - Serial Number 36
February 2024
Pages 79-101
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics