Cultural Relations between Iran and Turkey During the Period of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979)  with an Emphasis on Associations and Cultural Institutions

Ćelep, Murat; Karamipour, Hamid

doi:10.22059/jhss.2024.371594.473686

Cultural Relations between Iran and Turkey During the Period of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979) with an Emphasis on Associations and Cultural Institutions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Murat Ćelep ¹

Hamid Karamipour ²

¹ PH.D. Candidate of Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

² Associate Professor Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/jhss.2024.371594.473686

Abstract

Iran and Ottoman Empire passed through a similar historical process while trying in the path toward achieving of modernity after various competitions and involvements with each other in post-modern era at the second half of 19th century and first quarter of 20th century. After taking power by Ataturk in Turkey and Pahlavi First in Iran, these ties were placed in a new trend between two countries. Entry of these two countries into interest group of modernity and their overt attempts to approach to the Western Bloc prepared the ground for common sociopolitical interests among them. The first steps taken by Iran and Turkey in developing relations with each other were mainly tended to some cultural measures e.g. exchange of students and teachers and also texts with literary and historical values. During World War II, this trend did not continue and both countries concentrated their attention on political and security issues. After the end of the War and formation of Bipolar World, especially with respect to the climate of Cold War, two countries, which were now assumed as US allies, tended to establish cordial relations. Based on these considerations, they developed relations with each other within framework of some accords e.g. Baghdad Treaty, Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) and Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD) Organization and they put development of cultural relations on their agenda. A cultural treaty was signed among both sides in 1959 (1337h.s) which specified the framework of cultural relations among both countries. Several associations and institutions were established and innovated by some of statesmen, intellectuals and leading merchants to improve and advance cultural relations between two countries at this period such as Iran-Turkey Friendship Association, Association of Friendship and Cultural Relations among Iran and Turkey, Turk-Iranian Females Friendship and Culture Society, Association of Adherents of Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD). The present paper aims to analyze cultural relations among Iran and Turkey during era of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Shah) by focusing on cultural associations and institutions and it has been written using descriptive-analytical method and based on documented and librarian sources. Persian and Turkish documents as well as conducted studies have been widely and simultaneously utilized in both languages in this paper for the first time

Keywords

Iran

Turkey

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Cold War

Western Bloc

Subjects

History

Afşar, Erkan,(2020) »Tarihsel Perspektif Bağlamında: Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Reformlarının İran’a Etkileri (1920-1933) » Türkiye-İran Üzerine Okumalar Devlet-Siyaset-Hukuk-Toplum-Ekonomi-Kültür-Din Editörler; Abdullah Erol, Erkan Afşar.

Aka, İsmail, (2003) »Anadolu’dan İran’a Göçler» Tarihten Günümüze Türk-İran İlişkileri Sempozyumu» , 16-17 Aralık 2002 Konya, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara.

Bilkan, Ali Fuat, (2006), »Türk-Fars Kültür Coğrafyası», Türk Edebiyatı, Aylık Fikir ve Sanat Dergisi İran Kültürü ve Biz, Sayı 392, Haziran

Çetinsaya, Gökhan, »Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin İran Politikası«, Editör: Mustafa Bıyıklı, (2015) Türk Dış Politikası - Cumhuriyet Dönemi – 1, 2. Baskı, İstanbul.

Dığıroğlu, Filiz, (2014), »İstanbul-Tebriz Ticaret Hattında Validehan (XIX-XX. Yüzyıl)», Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi, Sayı 31, İstanbul.

Dilberipour, Asghar, (2015), »Farsça El Yazmaların Türkiye Kütüphanelerindeki Yeri» Türkiye-İran İlişkileri Sempozyumu: Tarihte Ortak Şahsiyetlerin Etkileri ve Günümüze Yansımaları, Editörler Hicabi Kırlangıç, Şerife Yerdemir, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Bildiri Metinleri, 01-02 Haziran 2009, Ankara.

Erdal, İbrahim, »1950-1980 Dönemi Türk-İran İlişkileri Bağlamında Kurulan Dostluk Cemiyetleri», (2020) , Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı 4, Cilt 2, Temmuz.

Erkmen, Ayşe, (2021). »Kalkınma İçin Bölgesel İşbirliği Teşkilatı Üyesi Ülkeler Arasında Kültürel İşbirliği», Atlas Journal, Dönem 7, Sayı 37.

Gök, Naim, (2019) »Türkiye-İran İlişkileri (1917-2017) », Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Uluslararası İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Konya.

Kurşun, Zekeriya, (2007), »Üsküdar’da İranlılar ve İran Mezarlığı», Üsküdar Sempozyumu IV: 3-5 Kasım 2006: Bildiriler Cilt,1 Üsküdar Belediyesi, İstanbul.

Mangör, Halime Zehra, (2021), »Demokrat Parti Dönemi Türkiye - İran İlişkileri (1950 - 1960) », Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Şarkiyat Araştırmaları Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.

Metin, Barış, (2007), »Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda İran Coğrafyasında Etnik, Dini ve Siyasi Nüfuz Mücadeleleri», Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Ankara.

Öztürk, Mürsel, (2003), »Farsçanın Türk Kültüründeki Yeri» Tarihten Günümüze Türk-İran İlişkileri Sempozyumu, 17 Aralık 2002 Konya, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara.

Soofizadeh, (2020), Abdolvahid, »Kaçar Hanedanlığı Döneminde Osmanlı-İran Siyasi İlişkileri», Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara.

Subhani, (2015) Tevfik, »Şehname Aynı Zamanda Bütün Milletlerin Tarihidir», Türkiye-İran İlişkileri Sempozyumu: Tarihte Ortak Şahsiyetlerin Etkileri ve Günümüze Yansımaları, Editörler Hicabi Kırlangıç, Şerife Yerdemir, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Bildiri Metinleri, 01-02 Haziran 2009, Ankara.

Tanrıkulu, Cem, (1970), »Türk-İran İlişkileri», Belgelerle Türk Tarihi Dergisi, Sayı:33, Haziran.

Yıldırım, Ender, (2009) »Türkiye İran İlişkileri (1918-1960)», Marmara Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul.

»Türk-İran Dostluğu», Türk-İran Dostluk Cemiyeti tarafından neşredilmiştir. İstanbul Matbaacılık, İstanbul, 1956.

»Türk-İran Dostluk Cemiyeti Nizamnamesi», İstanbul, 1956.

Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi, 30-10-0-0-261-761-19, Dosya Ek: 437, Belge Tarihi: 31.03.1937.

Ahmadi, Hamid, (1956), Cultural Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and its Neighbors: A Case Study: Turkey, Research Institute of Culture, Art and Islamic Communication, Tehran, [In Persian].

Behnam, Jamshid, (2013), "A home on the path of modernizing Iran: Islambol", Irannameh magazine, number 42, spring.[In Persian].

Kharazi, Saeed, (2014), "Relations with Atatürk and his successors: the history of relations between Iran and Turkey during the Pahlavi period", Zamane magazine, number 40, year 4, December .[In Persian].

Kaya, Marwa, (2018), "Cultural Relations between Iran and Turkey: Mirroring Turkey's Regional Role-Playing (1923-2017 AD)", News Science, No. 32, Winter .[In Persian].

Mokhtari, Behrouz; Montazeri, (2013) , Hamid Reza, "Investigating conflict and cooperation patterns in Iran-Turkey relations", 13th and 14th year, numbers 52 and 53, fall and winter .[In Persian].

Vakili, Hadi, (1382), "Middle Eastern Cultural Discourse in 1920-1940", Turkish-Iranian Relations Symposium from the Past to Today, Konya, Turkish History Foundation and Islamic Culture and Communication Organization, Turkish History Foundation Printing Press, 25-26 December 2018 Ankara .[In Persian].

Journal of Iran-Türkiye Friendship and Cultural Relations Association, date and number not known.[In Persian].

National Library and Documentation Organization of Iran, abbreviated as Sakma.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 1: 297-230.29207-7.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 2: 297-29207.9 230.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 3: 0003-045701-297.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 4: 0013-045701-297.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 5: 0006-045701-297.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 6: 0007-045701-297.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 7: 0008-045701-297.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 8: 0056-045701-297.[In Persian].

Sakma, Document 9: 0054-045701-297.[In Persian].

Sakma Document 10: 0032-016531-220.[In Persian].