Historical Sciences Studies

Abstract Following the rise of Darius I to Power in 522 BC, many of countries became rebellious against him. Three of nine of those revolts which took place in first and second years of Darius was in Elam. In this paper it has been tried based on texts, in particular Bisitun inscription and new research and by using historical method of research to examine the nature of Elamite uprising against Darius. For this purpose in this paper, first the triple Elamite revolts against Darius will be reviewed and then the causes and nature of these revolts will be examined and finally will be showed that in contrast to common view among scholars, historical evidences indicate that Elamites uprising most probably was an Elamites nationalism movement against the Persians, looking for independence and freedom from the Persian yoke.

Abstract Aziz Khan Mukri is one of characters that has good and Decisive role in the political and cultural events of qajar Period. Explain his role in the political and cultural relations during the Qajar period, will opens the door to further research on the  disentangling the various uncertainties history.In order to respond to the need for a comprehensive and extensive explanations of historical events of this period, in this paper, the status of Azizkhan in the  political relations between Iran and the Ottoman, analyzed and evaluated using the methods of historical research, its significance is analyzed.results of the study indicate that the political development of the Azizkhan express political space based discrimination, Removing discrimination and justice in the distribution of power during the decline distinctions ethnic and religious in AmirKabir led period.These results also show that tensions between the two territories frontiersman, including gains of detente Azyzkhan approach in dealing with various inflammatory and political tensions between Iran and the Ottoman world.

Abstract Borzoye the physician is one of the greatest intrllectuals of ancient iran.who lived at the time of king anoushirawan.not only he was one of the elites of his age'but also his thoughts and theories inspired elites after islam such as sohrewardi.thinkers and scholars in each period are intellectual and cultural status of that period and just people like borzoye' bozorgmehr and paul the Persian are symbol of community the late Sassanid and especially khosrow anoushirawan reign.there fore'understanding his thoughts and opinions help us to understand the views of the community in the late Sassanid era.with the exception of the preface to "kalileh wa damanah"our information about him is very little.although'understanding Borzoye's thoughts is difficult due to shortage of sufficient sources'the researcher has tried to present an analysis of his thoughts utilizing first hand sources and the preface to "kalileh wa damaneh" which is the only invaluable source of his thoughts.

Abstract The aim of this article is studying the second war of a set of three wars of Shapur I against Romans Empire by virtue of the text of the inscription Kaabe-ie Zartosht. In this article by study and analysis of different presented ideas about the year of the occurrence of second war of Shapur I against Romans and also Roman emperor who fought with him whose name has not been mentioned in inscription, the events of the period of the reign of Shapur I and his second war against Romans about the years 252 till 256 A.D have been discussed and studied. In fulfilled researches, the researchers take into consideration the domination of Sassanians during these years on Armenia and Syria, were simultaneous with the Period of the Roman emperor Trebonian Gallus. But in this research by study of the extant testimonies, the main agent of defense before the attacks of Sassanians to Syria is introduces not emperor Gallus but a rebellious Syrian and claimant of the reign in the name of Uranius Antoninus. So it seems that Uranius Antoninus had been the only present Kaiser in the area of Syria simultaneous with the attacks of Shapur I.

Abstract Memberr of Iranian Democrats Party in the Three House of Parliament, Interior Minister Abdul Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma were impeached on 13 June 1915. in this impeachment were passed in different causes that in this article a cause has been neglected, are examined. this impeachment reason should be sought in nature records Farmanfarma relations with Democrat party. Farmanfarma was depend on to E’tedalion party and he was from the opposition of the Democrat Party. He never positive approach to Democrats, and his relations with the Democrat Party was cold and dark. In fact, The present paper seeks to address this issue, one of causes Farmanfarma 's impeachment such as the kill of tireless warrior Yar Mohammad khan Kermanshah partial Democrat Party and the quality of the third period Parliament elections in Kermanshah by Farmanfarma of the cause, namely in the field of relations Farmanfarma with The Democrat Party is considered. This article is based on with descriptive and analytic method constitution role of Farmanfarma is analyzed.

Abstract The Iran's industrialization program in the Reza Shah period was concentrated mainly in the agricultural consumption industry. Some researches about the economic programs of this period, So far, have been done with limited view and without the theoretical basic. In this study, with a different view, and with the approach to the global economy theory, the impact of economic and political changes in the industrial core of the capitalist system has been investigated. Consequently, priority for industrial or agricultural development is discussed, first, and then, the reflection of global economic system on the industrial programs of this period is described. The findings of this research suggest that changes in the core of the global economy, especially after the economic crisis of the 1930s, had impacted on the Iran’s direction of industrial programs as well as other marginal countries of the economic world system. For this reason, the term of "import substituting industrialization", in aim at to showing of the government aware reaction against to the challenges of the world economy system is used.  

Abstract The Safavid dynasty's government, formally of Shi'ism in Iran, a new style called Rozeh-khaany of mourning and religious representation with poems and texts related to an event of Karbala to create tekyeh, there was a mosque and endowments. These rituals to gain legitimacy in the Qajar period, was followed by severe and more widespread, in this time of mourning for the social class and guild tried to build support and dedication of the earthly and heavenly reward earn a name its good to leave. Shah said that has ordered the construction Tekyeh dowlt. After his death, his heirs because of the constitutional actions, the influence of the European theater and opposition to some scholars, not quite as good as the Shah's government Tekyeh erecting and waned quite a time, until the command its destruction in 1325 AD, in order to build a branch of the National Bank of the market, was issued. In this paper, we attempt to build motivation, architecture, and state the reasons for the decline of the ceremonies tekyeh dowlt a deal.

Abstract After the victory of constitution revolution, the context became ready for creating new institutions. One of the main elements of these institutions was making people familiar with their social and political rights. Thus establishment of parliament and political and social institutions in Iran clarified the necessity of political and economic independence. As one of the major concerns of Parliament, The plot for the establishment of National Bank, executed in order to preserve the fundamentals of the economy of thecountry. Research findings indicate that several important factors explained the necessity of formation of the National Bank for prliamentarians, including basic financial problems and foreign domination over economic life of country. Although this process was associated with many obstacles and difficulties; as lack of knowledge and education of the masses, lack of experience, lack of investment security, and etc was some of the main reasons for failure of the original plan of the National Bank. The method In this research is descriptive-analytical.

Abstract Nematallaheyyeh doctrine in Qajar period created some actions and reactions between the two powerful streams of jurdical and monarchy. Study of the ups and downs of the triple process is one of the significant issues in the social history of the Qajar era. In the present study, three streams mentioned interactions with each other, with regard to the doctrine Nematallahyeh what caused of  stagnate and despite this condition, how could survive? The investigator tries to survey it. The findings indicate that three factor have had the largest role in the downturn. Negligence of the Sufi elder relation with judiciary doctrine, Presence of sect of Shiite scholars opposed to Sufism at the apex of the religious affairs and the shah accompanied by opposed clerics versus Nematallahyyeh Sufism, On the other hand, the leadership of Shiite clerics at the top of the mentioned sect was the reason for their continued existence.