Historical Sciences Studies - Articles in Press

In the 16th century, international trade underwent profound changes, the establishment of trade corporations and new trade routes being among the most significant proofs and evidence. ... Read More

The Image of Achaemenid Emperors in the Writings of Aeschylus and Herodotus: Comparing the Narratives

Ehsan allah Sebtosheikh; Farajollah Ahmadi; Roozbeh Zarrinkoob

Volume 15, Issue 4 , February 2024, , Pages 27-50

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2024.370407.473680

Abstract

This Study depicts the narratives of Aeschylus and Herodotus about the Achaemenid emperors and tries to show how they gave a narrative about the Achaemenid emperors and what sources ... Read More This Study depicts the narratives of Aeschylus and Herodotus about the Achaemenid emperors and tries to show how they gave a narrative about the Achaemenid emperors and what sources they relied on in this regard. Its importance lies in a better understanding of Herodotus’s historiography and its use of Aeschylus’s narration among other sources. The main question and the problem that has been raised is to what sources did Aeschylus and Herodotus use in their narration and what narration they give. The approach and the research Methodology of this study is a thought. This means that it puts the narratives of Aeschylus and Herodotus next to each other to find out how they gave a narrative about the Achaemenid emperors. The thesis is that Aeschylus, who himself witnessed the Persian campaign, while giving a first-hand account, rewrote it based on the model of Greek tragedies, and Herodotus, while largely is influenced by Aeschylus’ account of the Achaemenid emperors and Xerxes’ campaign to Greece, he used other sources in his narration. As a result and data, the narratives of Aeschylus and Herodotus about the Achaemenid emperors and Xerxes’s campaign to Greece show similarities and differences. Based on the model of Greek tragedies, Aeschylus’s narrative tells the story of Xerxes’ campaign as a king whose delusions lead him to do brazen actions that involve an inevitable fate from the gods. Herodotus’ narrative is largely derived from Aeschylus’s narrative. The ups and downs that Herodotus depicts in the lives of the Achaemenid emperors and especially Xerxes and the influence of the intervention of gods and fate in their lives are all reminiscent of the ancient Greek tragedies, here specifically the Persians of Aeschylus. At the same time, Herodotus also uses other sources and gives more details than Aeschylus to show the reasons and agents of this campaign as a historian. Despite this, Aeschylus’s narrative is decades ahead of Herodotus’s narrative and is closer to the time of the event. Also, his narration of the Achaemenid emperors, as narrated by Atossa, Darius and Xerxes, has significant differences from Herodotus’s narration

The Position of the Vaziri Family in Kurdistan’s History in the First Period of the Qajar Dynstay (1785-1846)

mohsen rahmati; parastoo Mozafari

Volume 9, Issue 2 , March 2018, , Pages 31-50

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2018.223608.472771

Abstract

Kurdistan's political and administrative affairs were run by the local Ardalan household and their dependent families, throughout the centuries, one of them being the family of Vaziri. ... Read More

Borzoye the Physician Based on a Better Understanding of "Babe Borzoye" in Kelilah wa Dimenah

Javad Choupaniyan

Volume 6, Issue 1 , September 2014, , Pages 33-52

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2015.52741

Abstract

Borzoye the physician is one of the greatest intrllectuals of ancient iran.who lived at the time of king anoushirawan.not only he was one of the elites of his age'but also his thoughts ... Read More

Ibn Funduq and Historical Studies

Hasan Hazrati

Volume 3, Issue 1 , August 2011, , Pages 35-56

Abstract

The present study aims to provide an analysis of the historical thoughts of Ibn Funduq. The basic question in the present research is “What is the superiority of the science of history ... Read More

The paradigm of Bāstāni Pārizi's Historiography

mohammad ali ranjbar

Volume 8, Issue 1 , February 2017, , Pages 37-56

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2017.60648

Abstract

Mohammad Ebrāhim Bāstāni Pārizi (1925-2014) has an outstanding role and a special situation in Iran's contemporary historiography. His different manner in dealing with method, subject, ... Read More

The impact of the steamships crossing the Suez Canal on the Iranian ports of Persian Gulf through the last three decades of 19th Century

Abdorrasoul Kheir-andish; Maryam i sheipar

Volume 5, Issue 1 , September 2014, , Pages 38-51

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2013.36031

Abstract

The invention of higher tonnage steamships and the opening of the Suez Canal instead of the way of southern Africa, created significant changes on commercial affairs of 19th century. ... Read More

Marāghah: A Civilization Centre of Ilkhanid Era (A Research Based on Ibn Fouti’s Book, Majma’ ul-‘Ādāb fi mo’jam ul-‘Alqāb)

Rasoul Ja’fariān

Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2010, , Pages 39-69

Abstract

On the ruins caused by the Mongols’ invasions, a dynamic centre of civilization was built by the outstanding scholar, famous mathematician and astronomer and praiseworthy jurisprudent ... Read More

Uru-Ka-gina's Edict and the Formation of Law in Sumerian Society

Hossein i Badamch

Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2013, , Pages 39-59

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2012.30145

Abstract

Writing was invented in late 4th millennium BC in southern Mesopotamia and consequently written documents were produced. Legal documents are among the most important documents left ... Read More

Political Conflicts in Saljuq Dynasty According to Zahir al-din Nishabouri

Rasoul Jafarian; Maryam Kamali

Volume 5, Issue 2 , July 2014, , Pages 39-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2014.50902

Abstract

Due to the involvement of various political institutions and agents, the structure of Saljuq dynasty (1040-1193 AD) is unique in comparison to the political structure of other Islamic ... Read More

Fictionalization of History in Nabil Zarandi`s Précis History

Rasool Jafarian; Seyyed Reza Lavasani

Volume 6, Issue 2 , March 2015, , Pages 39-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2015.56606

Abstract

History - narrative interaction is one of the most important issues have being discussed in critical philosophy of history. A historian normally compiles the historical events, as the ... Read More

The Localization of Parsua, Parsuaš, Parsamaš and Parsumaš: a recosideration

Roozbeh Zarrinkoob; Kiumars Alizadeh

Volume 9, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 39-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2018.227846.472790

Abstract

There exist many discussions about the localization of Parsua/Parsuaš and Parsamaš / Parsumaš in Assyrian, Urartian, Babylonian and Elamite sources. In ... Read More

The methods of battle in the Zandieh period

Sahmeddin Khazaee; sahar maleki

Volume 10, Issue 1 , December 2018, , Pages 39-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2018.248662.472925

Abstract

In Iran, during the Zandieh era, the military organization there was not much difference from the Afsharid and Safavid era, so the methods and tactics used by the military forces were ... Read More

Recognition of Pre-Zoroastrian Cult of Vayu in Aogәmadaēcā

Arezoo Rasouli (Taleghani); Shiva Yousefian

Volume 10, Issue 2 , March 2019, , Pages 39-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2019.266828.473039

Abstract

As one of the oldest and most complex Indo-Iranian deities, Vayu has been characterized outstandingly in the Avesta. Although Wāy's dual character is the product of late thinking and ... Read More

Organizing of Iran's Shah Militia Supporters; the Fadāiyān-e Shāh Organizations (1941-1957)

Milad Heidari; Karim Soleimany Dehkordi

Volume 11, Issue 1 , September 2019, , Pages 39-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2019.257600.472984

Abstract

Under the title of “Fadāiyān-e Shāh”, some militia groups were formed in some regions of the country to support the Shah during the reign of Pahlavi II. These groups ... Read More

Psychology of Power in Qaznavid Era Based on the Principle of “Uniqueness” in the History of

Boshra Delrish

Volume 1, Issue 1 , December 2009, , Pages 41-54

Abstract

The vivid description in the history of Beyhaqi of the political realities of its time is known to the researchers of this invaluable heritage of Iranian history. In the mass of Khwaja ... Read More

The problem of Iraqi Shiites in Sultan Abd al-Hamid II’s era

Rasoul Arabkhani

Volume 4, Issue 2 , March 2013, , Pages 41-62

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2013.30331

Abstract

The expansion of Shiite activities in Iraq and its development through Sunni nomads is one of the main issues involved Ottoman governors in the second half of the nineteenth century, ... Read More

Barriers to Modernism in Qom Seminary under the Leadership of Ayatollah Boroujerdi (1946-1961)

hamed soruri; jafarian rasool

Volume 7, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 41-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2016.57832

Abstract

Despite the serious confrontation of Iranian seminaries and religious communities against a flood of western modernistic ideas and institutions, the modernistic tendencies increased ... Read More

Tabari Nowruz and the Local Calendar of Southern Littoral Regions of Caspian Sea

Pedram Jam

Volume 8, Issue 2 , December 2017, , Pages 43-60

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2017.224506.472782

Abstract

Tabari Nowruz’ (Tabari New Year’s Day) is concurrent with Ābrīzān festival, according to what has been mentioned in some lithographical editions of šarḥ-e bīst ... Read More

A Brief Look at the Relation between Nasir Khan Lari and Karim Khan Zand

Iraj Tanhatan Naseri

Volume 3, Issue 2 , December 2011, , Pages 49-62

Abstract

Having a look at the history of Iran, one can realize that, the foundation of governorship in this country was based on two factors, religious belief and tradition, as the Safavids ... Read More Having a look at the history of Iran, one can realize that, the foundation of governorship in this country was based on two factors, religious belief and tradition, as the Safavids came to power according to the former category and ruled for more than two centuries. The fall of the Safavid dynasty not only ended their ruling, but decreased their holiness drastically. Therefore, from then on the basis of ruling depended more on power and family nobility of ruling classes. The accession of Nadir to the throne of Iran was based on the approach of Iranian people and his power. He suppressed any opposition movements and banished rebellious tribes; nevertheless, created a persuasive ground for other tribal chiefs’ ambition and loving power. The killing of Nadir, offered a desirable opportunity for the tribal chiefs in pursuing their long-standing aspirations. The appearance of many rivals in the scene of political power in order to grab the throne of Iran, produced wars, massacres, looting and homelessness in most part of the country. Considering Shahrukh’s Kingship in Khurasan, Karim Khan’s victories over his rivals, were not pleasant for many of the tribal chiefs. It was very hard to except a low ranking family such as Karim Khan in power. The local governors and tribal chiefs of Far, especially in Larestan, the power of Karim Khan was considered as a serious threat to them in that region. The local ruler in Larestan, like the other region in Iran, was hereditary. On the other hand, the economic foundation of Larestan was completely depended on trade. The local rulers always endeavoured to extend their influence from Shiraz, in north to the shores of the Persian Gulf, in south which could be estimated about 624 km in length. When Nasir Khan took power in Larsetan and Sab’ah, tried hard to deny the authority of Karim Khan so far as possible. This policy produced tensions and conflicts between Shiraz and Lar. Therefore, Naiser Khan decided to support the rivals of Karim Khan, Azad Khan and Muhammad Hassan Khan Qajar. He Would have been appointed as governor of Fars if Karim Khan could be defeated. The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the relations between Nasir Khan and Karim Khan Zand, according to reliable sources.

The Reasons for the Flourishing of Multicultural Art in the Fatimid Murals

Amir Nima Elahi; Samad Samanian

Volume 13, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 49-68

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2021.84072

Abstract

The spread of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula to the east and west had a great impact on the region's communications; Thus, the intercultural and multicultural feature is one of the ... Read More

Russian and British Consular Relations in Sistan at the End of the Qajar Period

abdolah safarzaie; Nahid Barahui

Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 51-76

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2023.358792.473634

Abstract

The competition between Russia and England in Iran for the purpose of developing possessions and concluding concession contracts started from the beginning of the Qajar period in the ... Read More

Investigation about Usage of “Document” in Sense of Formal Written in Persian Texts

Yazdan Farrokhi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 57-72

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2016.59449

Abstract

The term “Sānād” i-e (Persian Historical document) is an important key word in history. Although there are many researches about purport, applicable field of “Sanad” ... Read More

Were Sasanians of Priestly Lineage?

Pedram Jam

Volume 11, Issue 2 , March 2020, , Pages 43-62

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2020.265049.473032

Abstract

Sasanians’ converting to Zoroastrianism and their relations with Zoroastrian clerics have been important issues of the history studies on the Sasanians. In the past one and a ... Read More

Investigating the attitude of the Sufis of Iran and India towards estate and land ownership as one of the sources of the monastery's income In the 9-7 AH (Cheshtiyyeh, Kobraviyyeh, Kazeruniyyeh and Sohravardiyyeh)

masoumeh hadi; mohsen rahmati; Jahanbakhsh Savagheb; mojtaba garavand

Volume 14, Issue 4 , March 2023, , Pages 44-62

https://doi.org/10.22059/jhss.2023.350331.473602

Abstract

There were many Sufi orders in a wide area of India and Iran in the 7th-9th centuries. Sufis, who were known as a symbol of asceticism and worldliness, were engaged in austerity and ... Read More