Abbas Borumand A'alam; Hadi Jowhari
Abstract
The domination of Ottomans on Algeria was resulted by Spanish invasions to the shores of this land during the 16th century. So the Algeria emirate appealed to famous Barbarossa brothers. ...
Read More
The domination of Ottomans on Algeria was resulted by Spanish invasions to the shores of this land during the 16th century. So the Algeria emirate appealed to famous Barbarossa brothers. Supported by the Ottoman Sultan, Hayreddin Barbarossa conquered Algiers in 1529 and changed it to a military base and dominated the eastern Mediterranean areas powerfully. They ensured the development of Ottoman rule over Algeria using many trophies earned through piracy. But in 17th century when Ottoman Empire granted capitulation grants to Europeans, the huge revenues of European merchant ships stopped due to the capitulation treaty and Algeria's main source of income was in problem. The result of this income reduction was the deficiency of army's wage from one hand that led to rebellion of troops, and a more pressure on people for a rising in taxes on the other hand that led to rebellion of local tribes. This process, along with other factors, led to continued weakness of Algeria, and Algeria was ultimately occupied in 1830. Thus the terms of capitulation became one of the main causes of decline and dependence of Algeria. Realization of this factor, as one of the causes of decline of Algeria is what is going to be analyzed in present research.
