نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ ایران باستان، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

از دوران حکومت اشکانیان، مسیحیان زیادی وارد مرزهای ایران شدند؛ زیرا بعضی از امپراتوران رومی بر ضد مسیحیان دست به پیگردهای دینی بزرگی می­زدند. مسیحیان در روزگار شاهان ساسانیِ نخستین، به­ویژه روزگار شاپور یکم نیز شرایط مناسبی برای پرداختن به امور دینی خود داشتند. باوجوداین، مسیحیت در سدة چهارم میلادی، دین رسمی امپراتوری روم شد. از بیش از یک سدة پیش در میان پژوهشگران فرضیه­ای متداول شده است مبنی بر اینکه شاپور دوم ساسانی در سدة چهارم میلادی، پیگردهای دینی بزرگی را بر ضد مسیحیان به راه انداخت. شهادت­نامه­های سریانی که از سدة پنجم میلادی به بعد، همانند یک سنت به این موضوع پرداختند، منابع اصلی وجود این پیگردها به شمار می‌آیند. از سوی دیگر، برخی از پژوهشگران با داشتن پیش­فرضِ وجودِ چنین پیگردهایی سعی داشته­اند که منابع محدود سدة چهارم میلادی را نیز مطابق آن تفسیر کنند. ما در این مقاله منابع مختلفِ مرتبط با این موضوع، شامل منابعِ تاریخی سدة چهارم میلادی و شهادت­نامه­های سریانی را بررسی کرده­ایم و  نشان داده­ایم که در گزارش منابع مسیحی از پیگردهای دینی شاپور دوم در سدة چهارم میلادی تناقضات و تعصبات بسیاری وجود دارد که اعتبار  آنها را به­طور جدی زیر سؤال می­برد. در نهایت، به این نتیجه رسیدیم که در روزگار شاپور دوم پیگرد دینی بزرگی بر ضد مسیحیت انجام نگرفت و آنها به رشد خود در شاهنشاهی ساسانی ادامه دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Legend of Wide Religious Prosecutions during the Reign of Shapūr II

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rouzbeh Zarrinkoob 1
  • Jamshid ghahremani 2

1 Assistant professor in History, University of Tehran

2 Ph.D. Candidate in history, university of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Since some of the Roman emperors launched massive religious prosecutions against Christians, a large number of them entered Iran during the rule of the Parthians. Christians even enjoyed a good opportunity to hold their religious affairs during the reign of the first Sassanid kings, especially Shapur I. However, Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire in the fourth century AD, there has been, for more than a century, a prevailing hypothesis among scholars of history that Shapur II placed Christians under intense religious prosecutions in the fourth century AD. The syriac testimonies dating back to the fifth century AD which traditionally dealt with this issue are the main sources show these prosecutions. With the assumption that such events have taken place and on the basis of it, some researchers, on the other hand, have attempted to interpret the limited resources left from the fourth century AD. Various related resources, including those of the fourth century AD and the Syriac testimonies have been examined, in present study, and it has been shown that there are many contradictions and prejudices in reports of Christian resources about the religious prosecutions were enacted during the reign of Shapur II that cause serious doubts about their credibility. Finally, it has been made clear that Christian rituals did not lead to extensive prosecution in that period and the Christian community continued to grow during the rule of Sassanid Empire.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Shapur II
  • Sassanids
  • Religious Prosecutions
  • Christians
  • Syriac Sources
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