نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 نویسندۀ مسئول، دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه باستانشناسی، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران.
چکیده
تاختن دو نیروی پرجمعیت نظامی به سرزمینهای مانئا، اورارتو، ماد و آشور، یکی از رخدادهای مهم منطقۀ آسیای غربی در نیمۀ نخست هزارۀ یکم پیش از میلاد است که بازتاب آن، هم در نبشتههای همزمان با آن آشوریان دیده میشود و هم در نوشتههای بعدی نویسندگان یونانیزبان. اینکه این مردمان از چه جمعیتی و با چه تباری بودهاند، موضوعاتی است که به آنها پرداخته شده است. پژوهش پیشرو ضمن بررسی این نکتهها، به این مسئله میپردازد که شناخت آشوریها و بعدها توصیف پارسیان از هویت گیمری برآمده از چه نگرشی بوده و بر چه پایههایی ایجاد شدهاند. مطالعۀ کنونی نشان میدهد دو اصطلاح «اومَّن-مَندَ/ ماندَ/ مَندو» و «اِرین-مَندَ/ ماندَ/ مَندو» در هزارۀ نخست پیش از میلاد، بهطور ویژه هم حامل نام تباری مادیها و هم ذهنیت حاکم نزد شاهان و کاتبان درباری بوده است، همچنین هدف از بیان آن، خطابکردن اختصاصی مادیها بوده که البته در کنار آنها، صورتها و آوای دیگر نیز در متون به کار رفته است. اینکه در هزارۀ یادشده، نام مَندَ برای نخستینبار برای سرزمین مادیها بهکار برده شده، نکتۀ بنیادینی است که از آن یاد شده است. این مقاله نشان میدهد توصیف دو فرمانروای گیمری در متون اسرحدون و آشوربانیپال با نام یادشده، نه بهمنظور تعلق آنان به جمعیت مَندَ، بلکه اولاً در سطح فرهنگ آشوری ندانستن فرهنگ جمعیتهای غرب فلات و دوم، انتساب نامشان به برخی از دشمنان برای تحقیرشان بوده است. این مسئله، هم برای نام آن نامها و هم برای نام گوتی بارها دیده شده است.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Historical Identity of the Medes or Cimmerians; Manda in the First Millennium BCE
نویسندگان [English]
- Sorena Firouzi 1
- muhammad amin saadat mehr 2
1 Corresponding author, PhD Candidate of Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran.
2 PhD Candidate of Department of Archeology of Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran
چکیده [English]
In the first half of the first millennium BCE, the invasion to Manai, Urartu, Media, and Assyria by two large military forces was one of the most significant events in the West Asian region. This invasion is reflected in both the inscriptions of the Assyrian court and the texts of later Greek authors. This is significant because with the arrival of these emerging groups, new cultural materials infiltrated the conquered territory, and the previously established border equations were disrupted. Concerns have been expressed regarding the population from which these invaders originated, their ethnicity, and their cultural background. While examining these aspects, leading research also addresses where Assyrian cognition and later Persian descriptions of Gimeri/Cimmerian identity originated and how they were created. The present study shows that the two terms “umman-man-da / ma-an-da / man-du” and “ÈRIM/N-man-da / ma-an-da / man-du” in the first millennium BC, in particular, carry both the Medes identity and the prevailing mentality among the kings and court scribes, its expression was specific to the Medes, which, of course, along with them, other forms and sounds have also been used in the mentioned texts. The fact that the name manda was first applied to the land of the Medes in the mentioned millennium is a fundamental point that is discussed in this article.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Cimmerian
- Scythian. Medes
- Umman-manda
- ERIN-manda
- Assyria
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